Upstate New York Surficial Aquifer Mapping Program

Abstract:

In 2006, the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) cooperatively funded a Brownfield and Groundwater GIS Program as required by the 2003 legislation that established a Brownfield Cleanup Program (NYS Assembly Bill 9120).  The NYSDEC developed an implementation plan for the Brownfield and Groundwater GIS Program, and one action identified in that plan was the development of spatial datasets of the aquifer maps published by the U.S. Geological Survey Detailed Aquifer Mapping Program.  

The USGS has mapped over 30 sand and gravel aquifers in upstate New York at the 1:24,000-scale since the 1980's. The following enhancements were made in the creation of the georeferenced map layers:  

1)	The surficial-geology mapping units were standardized to NYS Geological Survey nomenclature,
2)	The aquifer boundaries were redrawn to include adjacent areas of permeable material hydraulically connected to the primary or principal aquifer, and
3)	Adjacent maps were edgematched, preserving the original geologic interpretations from over 25 authors. An effort was made to standardize codes of adjacent and overlapping map units. However, in some cases inconsistencies in standard codes exist across edge-matched areas in order to preserve the author's original geologic interpretation.

To further increase applicability, the map layers contain original mapping units and aquifer boundaries as well as the new standardized mapping units and updated aquifer boundaries.  The original published aquifer maps contain additional base and geologic information not included in these map layers.  The published aquifer maps are available for download in their entirety from the USGS Publications Warehouse (http://infotrek.er.usgs.gov/pubs/).

Purpose:

These data are intended for use in publications, at a scale of 1:24,000 or smaller.  The primary intended use is for local and regional display and analysis. It is not intended for site-specific studies.

Supplemental_Information:

HISTORY OF UPSTATE NY DETAILED AQUIFER MAPPING PROGRAM 
In 1980 the U.S. Geological Survey began a Detailed Aquifer Mapping Program in upstate New York, in cooperation with the New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH), funded by the USEPA's Underground Injection Control Program. The objective of this program was to define the hydrogeology of 21 extensively used (primary) stratified-drift aquifers in upstate New York, and to present the information as individual sets of maps at 1:24,000-scale. Each published report from this program describes the hydrogeology of a specific aquifer or segment of aquifer, and depicts selected hydrogeologic characteristics.

The number of maps varies among reports, depending upon the amount of hydrogeologic data that was available for each area studied. Eleven of these primary aquifers were mapped by the USGS under the cooperative program with NYSDOH, and four were mapped by a consulting firm under contract with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, with the resulting reports published by the USGS. By 1983, 15 of these 21 primary aquifers had been mapped and the results published by the USGS, in addition to two summary atlases. 
 
As a continuation of this program, a second project was begun in 1983 by the USGS in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) to define the hydrogeology of the remaining 6 primary aquifers. From 1983 to 1990, reports covering 5 of these primary aquifers were published by the USGS. 
 
In 1987, a companion project was begun in cooperation with the NYSDEC to define the hydrogeology of eight additional extensively used (principal) aquifers in New York. As before, the reports resulting from this project each consist of a set of 1:24,000-scale (or larger) maps that describe the hydrogeology of a specific aquifer. They also depict selected hydrogeologic characteristics such as well and test-hole locations, surficial geology, bedrock-surface altitude, geologic sections, land use, soil permeability, altitude of the water table or potentiometric surface, saturated thickness of the aquifer, and estimated well yields. The number of maps and topics presented differ among the reports depending upon the amount of hydrogeologic data available.

 As of 2007, 12 reports from this second series have been published, for a total of 33 reports (including 2 summary atlases) from the Detailed Aquifer Mapping Program since its inception in 1980. In addition, five other related reports funded in cooperation with other agencies but produced in the same map format were published by the USGS from 1984-89 and effectively increase the number of aquifers mapped in upstate New York to 38. These reports form the foundation of the NYSDEC wellhead protection program in upstate New York, inasmuch as NYSDEC has proposed that mapped aquifer boundaries "...serve as the fundamental delineation of wellhead protection areas..," in New York State (New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, 1990).
 
SURFICIAL GEOLOGY MAPPING UNIT STANDARDIZATION
Mapping unit codes were standardized from 162 different codes found on the original published maps to 78 unique codes used to attribute the geologic units in the map layers. These standardized codes follow the earth materials map explanation used by the New York State Geological Survey on their published 1:250,000-scale maps of surficial geology for New York State. The list below shows the original codes in the published USGS reports and the standardized map unit codes and descriptions. The original descriptions can found in the Original Geologic Mapping Units table. 

Original Map Code--Standardized Map Code--Standardized Description
>a----------al------alluvium
>a or osg---al/osg--alluvium over outwash sand and gravel
>a/lt-------al/tl---alluvium over lodgment till
>a/lt or r--al/tl---alluvium over lodgment till
>a/osg------al/osg--alluvium over outwash sand and gravel
>af---------af------artificial fill
>af/m-------af------artificial fill
>al---------al------alluvium
>al/ld------al/ld---alluvium over lacustrine delta
>al/lsc-----al/lsc--alluvium over lacustrine silt and clay
>al/osg-----al/osg--alluvium over outwash sand and gravel
>al/t-------al/tl---alluvium over lodgment till
>alf--------alf-----alluvial fan
>alf/ksg----alf/ksg-alluvial fan over kame sand and gravel
>alf/Kt-----alf/kt--alluvial fan over kame terrace
>alf/osg----alf/osg-alluvial fan over outwash sand and gravel
>alf/t------alf/t---alluvial fan over till
>alg--------alf-----alluivial fan
>alg/osg----al/osg--alluvium over outwash sand and gravel
>alg/t------al/tl---alluvium over lodgment till
>als--------al------alluvium
>als/ksg----al/ksg--alluvium over kame sand and gravel
>als/osg----al/osg--alluvium over outwash sand and gravel
>alsc/ksg---al/ksg--alluvium over kame sand and gravel
>alsc/ld----al/ld---alluvium over lacustrine delta
>alsc/osg---al/osg--alluvium over outwash sand and gravel
>alsc/t-----al/tl---alluvium over lodgment till
>alsc/ucg---al/ucg--alluvium over clayey gravel
>alt--------alt-----alluvial terrace
>as---------d-------dune sand
>at---------ta------ablation till
>at/lt------ta/tl---ablation till over lodgment till
>at/r-------ta/r----ablation till over bedrock
>b----------b-------Holocene beach deposits
>br---------r-------bedrock outcrop
>bsg--------lb------lacustrine beach
>c----------co------colluvium
>c/pC-------lsc/r---lacustrine silt and clay over rock
>c/Pz-------lsc/r---lacustrine silt and clay over rock
>c/r--------co------colluvium
>c/t--------lsc-----lacustine silt and clay
>cf---------af------artificial fill
>cf/dsc-----af/ld---artificial fill over lacustrine delta
>cf/dsg-----af/ld---artificial fill over lacustrine delta
>cl---------co------colluvium
>cs---------lsc-----lacustrine silt and clay
>D----------r-------bedrock outcrop
>d----------d-------dune sand
>ds---------fds-----fluvial deltaic sand
>ds/dsc-----fds/ld--fluvial deltaic sand over lacustrine delta
>ds/dsc/lmt-ld/tm---lacustrine delta over till moraine
>ds/ksg-----fds/ksg-fluvial deltaic sand over kame sand and gravel
>dsg--------ld------lacustrine delta
>dsg/lsc----ld/lsc--lacustrine delta over lacustrine silt clay
>e----------eg------esker gravel
>eg---------eg------esker gravel
>emt--------tm------till moraine
>ftg--------fg------fluvial gravel
>gf1--------kt------kame terrace
>gf1/t------kt/t----kame terrace over till
>gf2--------ksg-----kame sand and gravel
>gm---------t-------till
>ic---------ksg-----kame sand and gravel
>ic---------kt------kame terrace (2 exceptions to standard in SIM 05-2914)
>icg--------ksg-----kame sand and gravel
>id---------tm------till moraine
>idd--------km------kame moraine
>K----------k-------kames
>k----------k-------kames
>k?---------k-------kames
>kd---------kd------kame delta
>km---------km------kame moraine
>ksg--------ksg-----kame sand and gravel
>ksg/osg----ksg/osg-kame sand and gravel over outwash
>ksg/r------ksg/r---kame sand and gravel over bedrock
>ksg/t------ksg/t---kame sand and gravel over till
>ksg?-------ksg-----kame sand and gravel
>Kt---------kt------kame terrace
>kt---------kt------kame terrace
>Kt?--------kt------kame terrace
>lb---------lb------lacustrine beach
>lcg--------cg------lacustrine clayey gravel
>ld---------ld------lacustrine delta
>lmt--------tm------till moraine
>lmt/osg----tm/osg--till moraine over outwash sand and gravel
>ls---------ls------lacustrine sand
>ls/ksg-----ls/ksg--lacustrine sand over kame sand and gravel
>ls/tp------ls/t----lacustrine sand over till
>lsc--------lsc-----lacustrine silt and clay
>lsc/ksg----lsc/ksg-lacustrine silt and clay over kame sand and gravel
>lsc/osg----lsc/osg-lacustrine silt and clay over outwash 
>lsc/tp-----lsc/t---lacustrine silt and clay over till
>lss--------lss-----lacustrine sand and silt
>lss--------ta------ablation till (1 exception to standard in WRIR 91-4042)
>lss/ksg----lss/ksg-lacustrine sand and silt over kame 
>lss/lt-----lss/tl--lacustrine silt and sand over lodgment till
>lss/r------lss/r---lacustrine silt sand over bedrock
>lss/tp-----lss/tl--lacustrine sand and silt over till
>lt---------tl------lodgement till
>lt/r-------tl/r----lodgment till over bedrock
>m----------ksg-----kame sand and gravel
>m/dsc------pm/ld---peat, muck over lacustrine delta
>m/lsc------pm/lsc--peat, muck over lacustrine silt and clay
>ml---------af------artificial fill
>mt---------tm------till moraine
>oa/g-------osg/ksg-outwash over kame sand and gravel
>oa/l-------osg/lsc-outwash over lacustrine silt and clay
>oa/t-------osg/t---outwash over till
>og---------osg-----outwash sand and gravel
>og/ls------osg/ls--outwash over lacustrine sand
>osg--------osg-----outwash sand and gravel
>osg/K------osg/k---outwash over kames
>osg/ksg----osg/ksg-outwash over kame sand and gravel
>osg/lsc----osg/lsc-outwash over lacustrine silt and clay
>osg/lss----osg/lss-outwash over lacustrine sand and silt
>osg/t------osg/t---outwash over till
>osg/tp-----osg/t---outwash over till
>osg?-------osg-----outwash sand and gravel
>p----------pm------peat and muck
>pm---------pm------peat and muck
>pm/osg-----pm/osg--peat and muck/outwash
>Qaf--------af------artificial fill
>Qal--------al------alluvium
>Qalf-------alf-----alluvial fan
>Qcf--------af------artificial fill
>Qe---------eg------esker gravel
>Qk---------k-------kames
>Qkd--------kd------kame delta
>Qkm--------km------kame moraine
>Qkt--------kt------kame terrace
>Qktt-------kt------kame terrace 
>Qs---------pm------peat and muck
>Qt---------t/r-----till over bedrock
>Qv---------osg-----outwash sand and gravel
>r----------r-------bedrock outcrop
>s----------ls------lacustrine sand
>s/lsc------pm/lsc--peat and muck over lacustrine silt and clay
>sc---------lsc-----lacustrine silt and clay
>sd---------d-------dune sand
>sg---------osg-----outwash sand and gravel
>ss---------ls------lacustrine sand
>sw---------pm------peat and muck
>t----------t-------till
>t/c--------t/r-----till over bedrock
>t/g--------t/r-----till over bedrock
>t/ksg------t/ksg---till over kame sand and gravel
>t/osg------t/osg---till over outwash sand and gravel
>t/r--------t/r-----till over bedrock
>t/sh-------t/r-----till over bedrock
>t/sl-------t/r-----till over bedrock
>t?---------t-------till
>ta---------ta------ablation till
>th/r-------tt/r----thick till over bedrock
>tm---------tm------till moraine
>tn/r-------t/r-----till over bedrock
>tp---------t-------till
>ts---------t-------till
>tt---------tt------thick till
>ucg/osg----cg/osg--clayey gravel over outwash
>ud---------cd------colluvial drift
>ul---------ul------urban land
>unk--------unk-----area not mapped (unknown)
>w----------w-------water areas
>wsg--------lb------lacustrine beach

HYDROGEOLOGIC RATIONALE FOR ADJUSTMENT OF AQUIFER BOUNDARIES
In adjusting the aquifer boundaries of the published reports, the surficial geologic map from each published aquifer report was evaluated within the context of the entire report. Geologic sections and aquifer thicknesses were checked against the surficial geologic map and the published aquifer boundaries. Published boundaries were extended outward (upslope) in most cases to include adjacent areas of sand and gravel deposits that were not originally included within the aquifer area. Typically these are deposits of ice-contact sand and gravel in such forms as kames, kame terraces, kame deltas, and kame moraines. Although these ice-contact deposits are largely unsaturated, their position adjacent to valley hillsides and their hydraulic connection with valley-fill outwash aquifers make them potential avenues for contaminants introduced at land surface that can eventually be carried downward to the water table with recharge. The revised aquifer boundaries are therefore much more conservative in regards to aquifer planning and protection by NYSDEC. In some cases, confining units, especially if the units are relatively thin, were included within the mapped aquifer area. Examples include semi-permeable deposits of lacustrine sand and silt, or thin till layers. The rationale for this modification is that the confining units are semi-permeable and may not confine the aquifer completely. 

AQUIFER BOUNDARY COMMENTS FOR SPECIFIC REPORTS (in chronological order)
In some cases, an explanatory note may help the user when comparing the original published aquifer boundaries to the new adjusted aquifer boundaries. Below is a list of specific comments for the 34 USGS aquifer reports that were used to produce the new adjusted aquifer boundaries.

Report---Aquifer Name---Remarks
OFR 81-1022---Cortland-Homer---No comments.
OFR 82-81----Sprout-Fishkill---Changed the following "till over rock" units (t/sl, t/c, t/sc, t/g) to a generic "t/r" (till over rock). Original mapping by Bob LaFleur indicated various rock types overlain by till (ie; slate, carbonates, and granite). To be more in line with other mapping reports, the new attribute was changed to simply "t/r". However, because the original mapping differentiates between various bedrock types, the original geologic map unit boundaries were kept.

OFR 82-83---Fulton---Since this is a sand plain aquifer, the original boundary consisted mostly of the topographic drainage boundary. The rationale was that the groundwater divide should be close to the topographic drainage boundary. Since we have little data to show where the actual groundwater divide is, we have elected to show artificial (arbitrary) boundaries around the mapped areas where they cross aquifer material. 
Also, note: The original authors of the surficial geology sheet - T.S. Miller and E.H. Muller - include small areas of lacustrine silt and clay (lsc) within the original mapped aquifer area. The main aquifer here is composed of ice-contact sand and gravel (ksg) that is either completely or partly confined by fine-grained lacustrine sediments (lss, fining downward to lsc). In some areas where ksg is not shown at land surface, the authors include bodies of lss and lsc into the principal aquifer designation (see section C-C' in original report). Therefore, we opted to leave the small surficial exposures of lsc as part of the mapped aquifer area, since they were considered part of the principal aquifer in the original report. -RJR 9/20/07

OFR 82-84---Schenectady---Redrew eastern aquifer boundary along the Alplaus Kill valley to follow land contours more closely. Renamed two "al" units on south side of valley at Pattersonville and Rotterdam Junction as "fg", or fluvial gravel which is a more accurate description of these deposits.

OFR 82-85---Corning---Renamed "mt" units near Painted Post as "ksg" after checking geologic sections and well logs and included unit into aquifer area.

OFR 82-110---Elmira---No comments.
OFR 82-112---South Fallsburgh---No comments.
OFR 82-113---Jamestown---Note that much of the mapped aquifer area is overlain by a surficial lacustrine unit mapped as "lsc/osg". The outwash aquifer here is confined by varying thicknesses of lacustrine sediments.

OFR 82-114---Ramapo---No comments.
OFR 82-268---Binghamton---Aquifer boundaries were adjusted according to a review by author Allan Randall, especially to exclude areas of the Susquehanna River that are underlain by thin alluvium over till and thus are considered non-aquifer areas. The northern edge overlaps SIM 05-2914 over one mile. Each author had a slightly different geologic interpretation that did not allow standard codes to match.

WRIR 84-4029---Smyrna---No Comments.
WRIR 84-4031---Clifton Park---No Comments.
WRIR 84-4259---Irondequoit---Removed aquifer boundary around "lsc/osg" unit to include it in aquifer area. Authors state that this is thin lacustrine silt and clay over lying outwash. Not deemed a reason to exclude from the aquifer.

OFR 85-4040---Cohocton---No comments.
OFR 88-4094---Baldwinsville---Because the outwash aquifer here is partly confined in some areas by lacustrine silt and clay (lsc), the boundaries of the aquifer were moved back (upland) to the till/bedrock boundary to include these confined areas within the aquifer area. The rationale is that this material, although fine-grained, can still transmit recharge to the underlying outwash aquifer.

OFR 85-4095---Bath---No comments.
WRIR 85-4096---Batavia---No comments.
WRIR 85-4119---Fort Drum---No Comments.
WRIR 85-4149---Salamanca---No comments.
WRIR 85-4157---Olean---Much of the main outwash aquifer in the valley is confined by a till unit up to 30 ft thick, in places, and also by end moraine (emt) along the valley walls. However, since the till, especially the emt, contains gravel zones which may transmit recharge to the adjacent outwash, the original aquifer boundaries as defined by Zarriello and Reynolds, were retained. These boundaries include lateral areas of end moraine till (emt) within the aquifer area.

WRIR 87-4159---Croton---Adjusted aquifer boundaries on Croton Point to exclude areas of landfill  and marsh overlying lacustrine silt and clay, as this is non-aquifer material. Also, adjusted aquifer boundaries to the north and south of Croton Point, along the shoreline, to only include units deposited as part of the Croton River delta. Shoreline material to the north and south is primarily artificial fill.

WRIR 88-4014-1---Tug Hill---The Tug Hill aquifer represents a special case where no clear-cut physical aquifer boundary exists in some areas. Therefore, the original investigator (T.S. Miller) decided to make the eastern boundary of this aquifer (on this sheet) as the inferred ground water divide. A new category of line-segment boundary termed "inferred ground-water divide" was created and used here. Note that aquifer material extends beyond these inferred ground-water divides and that actual ground-water divides may move laterally in response to nearby heavy ground-water pumpage.

WRIR 88-4014-2---Tug Hill---Aquifer boundaries moved to exclude areas of peat and muck because most of these areas are underlain by till. The exceptions were small kettleholes (ice-contact depressions) in areas of kame sand and gravel.

WRIR 88-4014-3---Tug Hill---Adjusted aquifer boundaries to exclude large areas of peat and muck underlain by till (see above comment).

WRIR 88-4014-4---Tug Hill---Adjusted aquifer boundaries to exclude large areas of peat and muck underlain by till (see above comment).

WRIR 88-4155---Rome---No comments.
WRIR 88-4194---Utica West---No comments.
WRIR 88-4195---Utica East---No comments.
WRIR 89-4000---Owego---No comments.
WRIR 89-4053---Hornell---Moved aquifer boundary at top of map eastward to bedrock hill to include "t/osg" unit into aquifer area. Al Randall has worked in this area and reports that there is a very thin till cover over the outwash, emplaced by oscillations in the ice front.

WRIR 91-4042---Sand Ridge--- On the western edge of the study area, there is a single polygon labeled lss.  Based on the topography of the little ridge that crosses the map border, this lss unit is higher than all other lss units in the area.  Also, this unit is adjacent to a lodgement till unit and the ridge shows hummocky topography indicative of ablation till deposits. The original code of lss was not changed but the standard code was changed from lss to ta to match the adjacent unit in OFR 82-83. -RJR 10/12/07

OFR 97-639---Schodack---Added western aquifer boundary between aquifer material and lacustrine sediments.

OFR 98-275---Port Jervis---On the northern edge of the study area adjacent to SIM 07-2960 each author had a slightly different standard for what constituted till over rock. The author of OFR 98-275 mapped till over rock and the author for OFR 98-275 mapped rock.

OFR 02-284---Waverly/Sayre---No comments.
OFR 03-242---Norwich/Oxford---No comments.
SIM 05-2914---Greene---The southern edge overlaps OFR 82-268 over one mile. Each author had a slightly different geologic interpretation that did not allow standard codes to match. On the northern edge the original code of ic was not changed but the standard code was changed from ksg to kt to match the adjacent unit in OFR 03-242. -RJR 10/12/07

SIM 07-2960---Port Jervis---On the southern edge of the study area adjacent to OFR 98-275 each author had a slightly different standard for what constituted till over rock. The author of OFR 98-275 mapped till over rock and the author for OFR 98-275 mapped rock.

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF REPORTS PRODUCED BY THE DETAILED AQUIFER MAPPING PROGRAM IN UPSTATE NEW YORK (in chronological order)
1) Miller, T.S., Brooks, T.D., Stelz, W.G., and others, 1981, Geohydrology of the valley-fill aquifer in the Cortland-Homer-Preble area, Cortland and Onondaga Counties, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-1022, 7 sheets, scale 1:24,000.
-- LaFleur, R. G., Unpublished field maps: Albany, New York, U.S. Geological Survey.
-- Muller, E. H., 1966, Glacial geology and geomorphology between Cortland and Syracuse: National Association of Geology Teachers, Eastern Section,  Fieldtrip Guidebook, Cortland area, p. 1-15.
-- Bugh, James, 1981, Generic environmental impact stdtement for sand and gravel mining in the Cortland-Tully valley: New York State Department  of Environmental Conservation, map, 1 sheet. 

2)	Moore, R.B., LaFleur, R.G., and others, 1982, Geohydrology of the valley-fill aquifer in the Sprout and Fishkill Creeks area, Dutchess County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-81, 6 sheets, scale 1:24,000.
-- LaFleur. R.G., 1978, Reconnaissance surficial geologic maps of the Hopewell Junction, Wappingers falls, Pleasant Valley, and West Point quadrangles: unpublished field maps, 1:24,000 scale.

3)	Anderson, H.R., Stelz, W.G., Miller, T.S., and others, 1982, Geohydrology of the glacio-lacustrine aquifer in the Fulton area, Oswego County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-83, 7 sheets, scale 1:24,000.
-- Miller, T. S.,1980a, Surficial geology of Pennellville Quadrangle,  Oswego County, New York:     U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources  Investigations Open-File Report 80-411, 1 sheet, scale 1:24,000.
-- Miller, T.S. ,1980b, Surficial geology of Fulton Quadrangle. Oswego County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations  Open-File Report 80-692, 1 sheet, scale 1 24,000. 
-- Miller, T.S., 1981, Surficial geology of part of Hannibal Quadrangle, Oswego County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources  Investigations Open-File Report 81-129, 1 sheet, scale 1:24,000.
-- Muller, E. H., 1980, Surficial geology of part of Baldwinsville Quadrangle, Oswego County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Open-File Report 80-405, 1 sheet, scale 1:24,000.
-- Muller, E. H., and Miller, T. S., 1980, Surficial geology of part of Lysander Quadrangle, Oswego County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Open-File Report 80-1117, 1 sheet, scale 1:24,000.       

4)	Brown, G.A., Moore, R.B., Mahon, K.I., and Allen, R.V., 1981, Geohydrology of valley-fill aquifer in the Schenectady area, Schenectady County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-84, 6 sheets, scale 1:24,000.
-- Winslow, J. D., and others, 1965, Ground-water resources of Eastern Shenectady County, New York, with emphasis on infiltration from the Mohawk River: New York State Water Resources Commission Bulletin 57 148 p. 

5)	Miller, T.S., Belli, J.L., and Allen, R.V., 1982, Geohydrology of the valley-fill aquifer in the Corning area, Steuben County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-85, 6 sheets, scale 1:24,000.
-- Denny, C. S., and Lyford, W. H., 1963, Surficial geology and soils of the Elmira-Williamsport region, New York and Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 379, 60 p.
-- Randall, A. D., 1968, Unpublished field maps, U.S. Geological Survey, Albany, New York.
Woodward-Clyde-Sherard and Associates, 1967, Pleistocene and recent geology map: Clifton, New Jersey, 16 p. and 1 map. 

6)	Miller, T.S., Randall, A.D., Belli, J.L., and Allen, R.V., 1982, Geohydrology of the valley-fill aquifer in the Elmira area, Chemung County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-110, 7 sheets, scale 1:24,000.
-- Denny, C. S., and Lyford, W. H., 1963, Surficial geology and soils of the Elmira-Williamsport region, New York and Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 379, 60 p.
-- Randall, A. D., 1968, Unpublished field maps, U.S. Geological Survey, Albany, New York.
Woodward-Clyde-Sherard and Associates, 1967, Pleistocene and recent geology map: Clifton, New Jersey, 16 p. and 1 map. 

7)	Anderson, H.R., Dineen, R.J., Stelz, W.G., and Belli, J.L., 1982, Geohydrology of the valley-fill aquifer in the South Fallsburgh-Woodbourne area, Sullivan County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-112, 6 sheets, scale 1:24,000.
-- Geologic mapping by R. J. Dineen, 1981, New York State Geological Survey, under contract.

8)	Anderson, H.R., Stelz, W.G., Belli, J.L., and Allen, R.V., 1982, Geohydrology of the valley-fill aquifer in the Jamestown area, Chautauqua County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-113, 7 sheets, scale 1:24,000.
-- Crain, L. J., 1966, Ground-water resources of the Jamestown area, New York, with emphasis on the hydrology of the major stream valleys: New York State water Resources Commission Bulletin 58, 167 p. 

9)	Moore, R.B., Cadwell, D.H., Stelz, W.G., and Belli, J.L., 1982, Geohydrology of the valley-fill aquifer in the Ramapo and Mahwah Rivers area, Rockland County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-114, 6 sheets, scale 1:24,000.
-- Cadwell, D.H., 1981, Unpublished surficial geologic maps of the Parkridge (NJ-NY),  Ramsey (NJ-NY),  Sloatsburg (NY-NJ) and Thiells (NY) quadrangles: New York State Geological Survey, Albany, NY, 1:24,000 scale.

10)	Holecek, T.J., Randall, A.D., Belli, J.L., and Allen, R.V., 1982, Geohydrology of the valley-fill aquifer in the Endicott-Johnson City area, Broome County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-268, 5 sheets, scale 1:24,000.
-- Randall, A.D., 1981, Unpublished reconnaissance geologic maps of the Binghamton East, Binghamton West, Castle Creek, Chenango Forks, Endicott, and Maine, N.Y. quadrangles: U.S. Geological Survey, Troy, NY, 1:24,000 scale.
-- Randall, A.D.,  1977,The Clinton Street-Ballpark aquifer in Binghamton and Johnson City, New York  New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Bulletin 73, 87 p.  

11) Reynolds, R.J. and Brown, G.A. , 1984, Hydrogeologic appraisal of a stratified-drift aquifer near Smyrna, Chenango County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations Report 84-4029, 53 p., 6 sheets, 1:24,000 scale.
-- Cadwell, D.H., 1972, Late Wisconsinan deglaciation chronology of the Chenango River valley and vicinity, New York: State University of New York at Binghamton, Ph.D. thesis, 102 p.
-- LaFleur, R.G., 1965, Surficial geologic maps  of the Norwich, Sherburne, and Earlville quadrangles: Unpublished geologic maps on file at the U.S. geological Survey, Troy, N.Y., 1:24,000 scale.

12)	Reynolds, R.J., 1985, Hydrogeology of the Clifton Park area, Saratoga County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4031, 6 pls., scale 1:24,000.
-- Hanson, E. L., 1977, Late Woodfordian drainage history in the lower Mohawk Valley, Troy N.Y.: Rensselaer  Polytechnic Institute, unpublished Master's thesis, 61 p.
-- Dineen, R.J. and Hanson, E.L., 1983, Bedrock topography and glacial deposits of the Colonie Channel between Saratoga Lake and Coeymans, New York: New York State Museum, Map and Chart Series, no. 37, 55 p.
-- Waller, R. M., 1983, Ground-water potential of the Capital District buried-valley deposits, in Dineen, R. J., and Hanson, E. L., Bedrock topography and glacial deposits of the Colonie channel between Saratoga Lake and Coeymans, New York: New York State Museum Map and Chart Series, no. 37, 55 p.

13) Yager, R.M., Zarriello, P.J., and Kappel, W.M., 1985, Geohydrology of the Irondequoit Creek basin near Rochester, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations Report 84-4259, 6 sheets, 1:48,000 scale.

14)	Terry, D.B., Pagano, T.S., Shaw, M.L., and Ingram, A.W., 1985, Geohydrology of the valley-fill aquifer in the Cohocton area, upper Cohocton River, Steuben County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4040, 7 pls., scale 1:24,000.
-- French. L.M., Wulforst, J.P., Broad, W.A., Bauter, P.R., and Guthrie, R.L., 1978, Soil Survey,-Steuben County, New York: U.S. Dept. Agriculture, 120p.
-- Hollyday, E.F., 1969,  An appraisal of the groundwater resour ces of the Susquehanna River Basin in New York State: U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report.
-- MacNish, R.D., and Randall, A.D., 1982. Stratified-drift aquifers in the Susquehanna River Basin, New York: New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Bulletin 75, 68pp.
-- LaFleur, R.G, 1968, Unpublished field reconnaissance maps  of surficial geology of the Wayland, Naples, Avoca, and Haskinville quadrangles. 1:24,000 scale.
-- Randall, A,D., 1972, Records of wells and test borings in the Susquehanna River Basin, New York: New York State Department of Environmental Conservation  Bulletin 69, 92 p,

15)	Pagano, T.S., Terry, D.B., and Ingram, A.W., 1986, Geohydrology of the glacial-outwash aquifer in the Baldwinsville area, Seneca River, Onondaga County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4094, 7 sheets, scale 1:24,000.
-- Hutton, F.Z., Jr., and rice, C.E., 1977, Soil survey of Onondaga County, New York: U.S. Department of Agriculture, 235p.
-- Kantrowitz, I.H., 1970, Ground-water resources of the eastern Oswego River Basin, New York: New York State Water Resources Commission Basin Planning report ORB-2, 129p.
-- Muller, E.H., 1983, Unpublished field maps of surficial geology, Baldwinsville area, 1:24,000 scale.

16)	Pagano, T.S., Terry, D.B., Shaw, M.L., and Ingram, A.W., 1985, Geohydrology of the valley-fill aquifer in the Bath area, Lower Cohocton River, Steuben County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4095, 7 pls., scale 1:24,000.
-- French. L.M., Wulforst, J.P., Broad, W.A., Bauter, P.R., and Guthrie, R.L., 1978, Soil Survey,-Steuben County, New York: U.S. Dept. Agriculture, 120p.
-- Hollyday, E.F., 1969,  An appraisal of the groundwater resour ces of the Susquehanna River Basin in New York State: U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report.
-- MacNish, R.D., and Randall, A.D., 1982. Stratified-drift aquifers in the Susquehanna River Basin, New York: New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Bulletin 75, 68pp.
-- LaFleur, R.G, 1968, Unpublished field reconnaissance maps  of surficial geology of the  Avoca, Savona, Rheims, Bath, and Towlesville quadrangles. 1:24,000 scale.
-- Randall, A,D., 1972, Records of wells and test borings in the Susquehanna River Basin, New York: New York State Department of Environmental Conservation  Bulletin 69, 92 p,

17)	Terry, D.B., Pagano, T.S., and Ingram, A.W., 1986, Geohydrology of the glacial-outwash aquifer in the Batavia area, Tonawanda Creek, Genesee County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4096, 7 sheets, scale 1:24,000.
-- Wulforst. J.P., Wertz. W.A., Leonard, R .P., Soil Survey, Genesee County, New Vork:  U.S.Department of Agriculture.
-- LaSala, A.M., 1968, Ground water resources of the Erie-Niagara Basin, New York: New York State Conservation Department Basin Planning Reprot ENB-3, 114p.
-- Muller, E.H., 1977, Quaternary Geology of New York , Niagara Sheet: New York State Museum and Science Service, Map and Chart Series No. 28, 1:250,000 scale.
-- U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1981,  Interim report on feasibility of flood management in the Tonawanda Creek watershed: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Buffalo, NY.

18) Reynolds, R.J., 1986, Hydrogeology of the Fort Drum area, Jefferson, Lewis, and St. Lawrence counties, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations Report 85-4119, 6 sheets, 1:48,000 scale.
-- MacClintock, Paul, and Stewart, D.P., 1965, Pleistocene geology of the St. Lawrence Lowland: New York State Museum Bulletin 394, 152p.
Waller, R.M., 1976, Surficial geologic map of the Black River basin, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-728-A.
-- Pearson, C.S., and others, 1954, Soil survey of Lewis County, New York: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service Report series 1954, no. 10, 107p.
-- Lounsbury, Clarence, and others, 1925, Soil survey of St. Lawrence County, New York: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service Report Series 1925, no. 34, 44p.

19) Zarriello, P.J., 1987, Hydrogeology of the Salamanca area, Cattaraugus County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4149, 5 pls., scale 1:24,000.
-- Bryant, J.C., 1955, A refinement of the upland glacial drift border in southern Cattaraugus County, New York: Ithaca, NY, Cornell University, Ph.D. thesis, 127p.
-- Muller, E.H., 1977, Quaternary geology of New York, Niagara Sheet: New York State Museum and Science Service, Map and Chart Series no.28, 1 sheet, 1:250,000 scale.

20)	Zarriello, P.J., and Reynolds, R.J., 1987, Hydrogeology of the Olean area, Cattaraugus County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4157, 9 pls., scale 1:24,000.
-- Bryant, J.C., 1955, A refinement of the upland glacial drift border in southern Cattaraugus County, New York: Ithaca, NY, Cornell University, Ph.D. thesis, 127p.
-- Muller, E.H., 1977, Quaternary geology of New York, Niagara Sheet: New York State Museum and Science Service, Map and Chart Series no.28, 1 sheet, 1:250,000 scale.

21)	Reynolds, R.J., 1988, Hydrogeology of the Croton-Ossining area, Westchester County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4159, 5 pls., scale 1:12,000.
-- Geraghty and Miller, Inc., 1973, Investigation of ground-water conditions at Croton Point, Westchester County, N.Y.: Port Washington, NY, Geraghty and Miller, Inc., 49 p.
-- Kindle. C. H., 1949, The Croton Point moraine: Rocks and Minerals, v. 24, November-December, p. 563-568.
-- Leggette, R. H., and Jacob, C. E., 1938, Report on the water resources of Croton Valley, New York, below Croton Dam: U.S. Geological Survey open file report, Albany, N.Y., U.S. Geological Survey, 44 p.
-- Markl, R. G., 1971, Pleistocene geology of Croton Point, N.Y.: Transactions of New York Academy of Science, series 2, v. 13, p. 505-515.
-- Van Duyne, C., Bromley, J. H., and McLendon, W. E., 1919, Soil survey of the White Plains area, New York: U.S. Department of Agriculture, 43 p.
-- Weiss, Dennis, 1974, Late Pleistocene stratigraphy and paleoecology of the lower Hudson River estuary: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 85, p.1561- 1570 . 

22) Miller, T.S., Sherwood, D.A., and Krebs, M.M., 1989, Hydrogeology and water quality of the Tug Hill glacial aquifer in northern New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations Report 88-4014, 60p., 24 sheets, 1:24,000 scale.
-- Chambers, T.M., 1978, Late Wisconsinan events of the Ontario ice lobe in the southern and western Tug Hill Region, New York: Syracuse, N.Y., Syracuse University, unpublished Master's thesis, 118p. 
-- Chambers, T.M., 1978, Late Wisconsinan events of the Ontario ice lobe in the southern and western Tug Hill Region, New York: Syracuse, N.Y., Syracuse University, unpublished Master's thesis, 118p.
-- Miller, T.S., 1981, Surficial geology of part of Westdale quadrangle, Oswego County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Open-File Report 81-147, I sheet, scale 1:24,000.
-- Miller, T. S., 1981, Surficial geology of Williamstown quadrangle, Oswego County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Open-File Report 81-148, I sheet, scale 1:24,000. 
-- Miller, T.S., 1980, Surficial geology of Richland Quadrangle, Oswego County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Open-File Report 80-763, 1 sheet, scale 1:24,000. 
-- Miller, T.S., 1980, Surficial geology of Orwell quadrangle, Oswego County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Open-File Report 80-1116, 1 sheet, scale 1:24,000.
-- Miller, T.S., 1980, Surficial geology of part of Sandy Creek quadrangle, Oswego County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Open-File Report 80-1114, scale 1:24,000.
-- O'Brien and Gere, 1968, Jefferson County comprehensive water study, Jefferson County, New York: Syracuse, N.Y., O'Brien and Gere Consulting Engineers, Report CPWS-38, 253 p.
-- Stewart, D.P., 1958, Pleistocene geology of the Watertown and Sackets Harbor Quadrangles, New York: New York State Museum Bulletin 369, 79p.

23)	Casey, G.D., and Reynolds, R.J., 1989, Hydrogeology of the stratified-drift aquifers in the Rome area, Oneida County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4155, 8 sheets, scale 1:24,000.
-- Whipple, J.M., 1969, Unpublished surficial geologic maps of the western Mohawk River basin, on file at the U.S. Geological Survey, Troy, NY, 1;24,000 scale.
-- Cadwell, D.H., 1979-1986, Reconnaissance surficial geologic maps of the Mohawk River basin, N.Y.: Unpublished field maps on file with the New York State Geological Survey, scales 1:24,000 and 1:62,500.
-- Lowey, J.M., 1983, The Pleistocene geology of the Oriskany, New York 7.5-minute quadrangle: Syracuse University, Master's thesis, 67p.
-- Wright, F.M., III, 1972, The Pleistocene and recent geology of the Oneida-Rome district, New York: Syracuse University, Ph.D. dissertation, 84p.
-- Reynolds, R.J., 1990, Availability of ground water from unconsolidated deposits in the Mohawk River Valley: U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations Report 88-4091, 9 sheets, 1:125,000 scale.

24)	Casey, G.D., and Reynolds, R.J., 1989, Hydrogeology of the stratified-drift aquifers in the Utica area, Oneida County, New York--part 1 (west): U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4194, 8 sheets, scale 1:24,000.
-- Whipple, J.M., 1969, Unpublished surficial geologic maps of the western Mohawk River basin, on file at the U.S. Geological Survey, Troy, NY, 1;24,000 scale.
-- Cadwell, D.H., 1979-1986, Reconnaissance surficial geologic maps of the Mohawk River basin, N.Y.: Unpublished field maps on file with the New York State Geological Survey, scales 1:24,000 and 1:62,500.
-- Lowey, J.M., 1983, The Pleistocene geology of the Oriskany, New York 7.5-minute quadrangle: Syracuse University, Master's thesis, 67p.
-- Reynolds, R.J., 1990, Availability of ground water from unconsolidated deposits in the Mohawk River Valley: U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations Report 88-4091, 9 sheets, 1:125,000 scale.

25)	Casey, G.D., and Reynolds, R.J., 1989, Hydrogeology of the stratified-drift aquifers in the Utica area, Oneida and Herkimer Counties, New York--part 2 (east): U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4195, 8 sheets, scale 1:24,000.
-- Whipple, J.D., 1969, Surficial geologic maps of the Clinton, Utica West, Oriskany, and Rome quadrangles: Unpublished field maps on file at the U.S Geological Survey, Troy, NY, 1:24,000 scale.
-- Antonetti, M.D., 1982, The Plesitocene geology of the South Trenton, New York 7-5 minute quadrangle: Syracuse University, Master's thesis, 100p.
-- Cadwell, D.H., 1979-1986, Reconnaissance surficial geologic maps of the Mohawk River basin, N.Y.: Unpublished field maps on file with the New York State Geological Survey, scales 1:24,000 and 1:62,500.
-- Reynolds, R.J., 1990, Availability of ground water from unconsolidated deposits in the Mohawk River Valley: U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations Report 88-4091, 9 sheets, 1:125,000 scale.

26)	Reynolds, R.J., and Garry, J.D., 1990, Hydrogeology of the valley-fill aquifer at Owego, Tioga County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4000, 8 sheets, scale 1:24,000.
-- Denny, C.A., and Lyford, W.H., 1963, Surficial geology and soils of the Elmira-Williamsport Region, New York and Pennsylvania: U.S> Geological Survey Professional Paper 379, 59p.
-- Randall, A.D., 1981, Hydrogeology in relation to glacial geology along the Susquehanna River valley, Binghamton to Owego, New York in Enos, Paul (ed.) , 1981, Guidebook for field trips in south-central New York, 53rd Annual Meeting, State University of New York at Binghamton: New York State Geological Association, p. 147-170.
-- Randall, A.D., 1966, Unpublished field maps of surficial geology, Apalachin, Candor, Newark Valley, and Owego quadrangles: Unpublished maps on file at the U.S. Geological Survey, troy, Ny, 1:24,000 scale.

27)	Miller, T.S., Warren, C.C., and McPherson, W.S., 1990, Geohydrology of the surficial aquifer in the Hornell area, in Steuben and Allegany Counties, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4053, 7 sheets, scale 1:24,000.
-- Muller, E H , and Cadwell, D H, 1986, Surficial geologic map of New York- Finger Lakes sheet: New York State Geological Survey Map and Chart Series  40, 1 sheet, scale 1 250,000.
-- Taylor, L E, 1988, Ground-water resources of the Chemung River basin, New York and Pennsylvania: Harrisburg, Pa, Susquehanna River Commission Publication No. 115, 226 p. 

28)	Miller, T.S., and Sherwood, D.A., 1993, Geohydrology and water quality of the Sand Ridge glacial-drift aquifer in Oswego County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4042, 31 p., 3 pls., scale 1:24,000.
-- Miller, T. S., 1980, Surficial geology of the Pennellville Quadrangle, Oswego County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Open- File Report 80-411, 1 sheet, scale1:24,000.
-- Muller, E. H., 1980, Surficial geology of part of Brewerton Quadrangle, Oswego County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Open- File Report 80-402, 1 sheet, scale 1:24,000.
-- Muller, E. H., and Miller, T. S., 1980, Surficial geology of Central Square Quadrangle, Oswego County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Open-File Report 80-2039, 1 sheet, scale 1:24,000.

29)	Reynolds, R.J., 1999, Hydrogeology of the Schodack-Kinderhook area, Rensselaer and Columbia Counties, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-639, 73 p., 4 sheets, scale 1:24,000.
-- LaFleur, R.G., 1965, Glacial geology of the Troy, N.Y. quadrangle: New York State Museum and Science Services Map and Chart Series, no. 7, 22 p.
-- LaFleur, R.G., 1977a, Surficial geologic map of the Kinderhook 7 1/2-minute quadrangle: open- file map, New York State Geological Survey, Albany, N.Y., 1 sheet, 1:24,000 scale.
-- LaFleur, R.G., 1977b, Surficial geologic map of part of the Delmar 7 1/2-minute quadrangle: open-file map, New York State Geological Survey, Albany, N.Y., 1 sheet, 1:24,000 scale.
-- LaFleur, R.G.,1977c, Surficial geologic map of part of the Ravena 7 1/2-minute quadrangle: open-file map, New York State Geological Survey, Albany, N.Y., 1 sheet, 1:24,000 scale.

30)	Garry, J.D., 1999, Hydrogeology of the valley-fill aquifer in the Port Jervis area; Orange County, New York, Pike County, Pennsylvania, and Sussex County, New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-275, 4 sheets, scale 1:24,000.
-- Davis, D.K., 1989, Ground water resources of Pike County, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Geological Survey. Water Resources Report 65, 010p.
-- New York State Geological Survey, 1988, Reconnaissance surficial geologic maps of the Port Jervis North, Port Jervis South, and Otisville 1:24,000 scale quadrangles: Unpublished maps on file with the New York State Geological Survey, Museum and Science Service, Albany, NY.

31)	Reynolds, R.J., 2002, Hydrogeology of the Waverly-Sayre area in Tioga and Chemung Counties, New York and Bradford County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-284, 6 sheets, scale 1:24,000, CD-ROM.
-- Peltier, L.G., 1949, Pleistocene terraces of the Susquehanna River, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Geological Survey 4th Series, Bulletin G23, 158 p.
-- Randall, A.D., 1978, A contribution to the Late Pleistocene stratigraphy of the Susquehanna River valley of New York: Albany, N.Y., Empire State Geogram, v. 14, no. 2, p. 2-15.
-- Reynolds, R.J., and Williams, J.H., 1988, Continuous seismic-reflection profiling of glacial drift along the Susquehanna, Chemung, and Chenango Rivers, south-central New York and north-central Pennsylvania, in Randall, A.D., and Johnson, A.I. (eds.), Regional aquifer systems of the United States - the northeast glacial aquifers: American Water Resources Association Monograph Series No. 11, p. 83-103.
-- Werkheiser, W.H., 1987, The hydrogeology of the Sayre-Waverly area, New York-Pennsylvania: Amherst, University of Massachusetts, unpublished Master's thesis, 147 p.

32)	Hetcher, K.K., Miller, T.S., Garry, J.D., and Reynolds, R.J., 2003, Geohydrology of the valley-fill aquifer in the Norwich-Oxford-Brisben area, Chenango County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 03-242, 7 sheets, scale 1:24,000.
-- Cadwell, D.H., 1972, Late Wisconsinan deglaciation chronology of the Chenango River valley and vicinity, New York: State University of New York at Binghamton, Ph.D. thesis, 102 p.
-- Cadwell, D.H., and Muller, E.H., 1986, Surficial Geologic Map of New York: New York State Museum - Geological Survey, Map and Chart Series 40, Finger Lakes Sheet, New York State Geological Survey, 1:250,000, digital complilation by Beckie Ugolini, 1998, from New York State Geological Survey 90 meter dems.

33)	Hetcher-Aguila, K.K., and Miller, T.S., 2005, Geohydrology of the valley-fill aquifers between the Village of Greene, Chenango County and Chenango Valley State Park, Broome County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2005-2914, 8 plates, 1:24,000 scale, CD-ROM.
-- Cadwell, D.H., 1972, Late Wisconsinan deglaciation chronology of the Chenango River valley and vicinity, New York: State University of New York at Binghamton, Ph.D. thesis, 102 p.
-- Cadwell, D.H., and Muller, E.H., 1986, Surficial Geologic Map of New York: New York State Museum - Geological Survey, Map and Chart Series 40, Finger Lakes Sheet, New York State Geological Survey, 1:250,000, digital complilation by Beckie Ugolini, 1998, from New York State Geological Survey 90 meter dems.

34) Reynolds, R.J., 2007, Hydrogeologic appraisal of the valley-fill aquifer in the Port Jervis Trough, Sullivan and Ulster Counties, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2007-2960, 5 sheets, scale 1:24,000, CD-ROM.
-- Cadwell, D.H., 1989, Reconnaissance surficial geologic map of the Yankee Lake 7.5-minute quadrangle: New York State Geological Survey Open File No. 2gk1091, 1:24,000 scale.
-- Connally, G.G., 1985, Reconnaissance surficial geologic maps of the Ellenville and Napanoch  7.5-minute quadrangles: New York State Geological Survey Open File numbers 2q064 and 2q065, 1:24,000 scale.
-- Dineen, RJ., 1989, Reconnaissance surficial geologic map of the Wurtsboro 7.5-minute quadrangle: New York State Geological Survey Open-File No. 2gk1089, 1:24,000 scale.

SUMMARY REPORTS
-- Cosner, O.J., 1984, Atlas of four selected aquifers in New York:  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Report, Contract No. 68-01-6389, Task No. 17, 102 p.
-- Waller, R.M., and Finch, A.J., 1982, Atlas of eleven selected aquifers in New York:  U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-553, 255 p.

RELATED REPORTS
-- Waller, R. M., Holecek, T. S., and others, 1982, Geohydrology of the preglacial Genesee valley, Monroe County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-552, 5 sheets, 1:24,000 scale.
-- Sweet, A. T., and others, 1938, Soil survey of Monroe County, New York: U.S. Department of Agriculture Bureau of Chemistry and Soils, series 1933, no. 17, 67 p.
-- Fairchild, H. L., 1909, Glacial waters in central New York: New York State Museum Bulletin 127, 66 p. 
-- Heffner, R. L., and Goodman, S. D., 1973, Soil survey of Monroe County, New York: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, 172 p. 
-- Higgins, B. A., and Neeley, J. A., 1978, Soil survey of Wayne County, New York: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, 210 p. 
-- Muller, E. H., 1983, Glacial geology in west-central New York, in Progress since the pioneering investigations of H. L. Fairchild: Proceedings of the Rochester Academy of Science, v. 15, no. 2, p. 78-84.

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