Foreword
Abstract
Introduction
    Purpose and Scope
    Acknowledgments
Hudson River Basin
    Environmental Setting
    Precipitation and Runoff
    Aquifers
    Reservoirs
        Upper Hudson Subbasin
        Mohawk River Subbasin
        Lower Hudson Subbasin
    Water Use
    Pesticide Use
Water-Quality Assessment
    Approach
        Ground-Water Data
        Surface-Water Data
            Site Selection
            Data Sources
            Methods of Analysis
            Ancillary data
                Land Use
                Nutrient-Input Rates
        Land-Use Categories
    Availability of Data, 1970-90
        Ground water
            Nutrients
            Pesticides and Volatile Organic Compounds
        Surface Water
            Nutrients
            Suspended Sediment
            Pesticides
Analysis of Nutrient, Pesticide, Volatile Organic Compound, and Suspended-Sediment Data
    Ground Water
        Nitrate
        Pesticides and Volatile Organic Compounds
    Surface Water
        Nutrients
            Concentration in relation to Discharge
                Small Agricultural Watershed
                Large Agricultural Watershed
                Urban Watershed
                Forested Watersheds
            Concentration in relation to Time
            Concentration in relation to Land Use and Population Density
            Yields
                Nutrient Inputs
                Mass Balance
    Suspended Sediment
        Concentration
        Yields
    Pesticides
Summary and Conclusions
    Ground Water
    Surface Water
References Cited

FIGURES
1-2. Maps of Hudson River basin in eastern New York and adjacent States showing:
    1. Physical features:
        A. Boundaries of three subbasins and major tributaries to the Hudson River
        B. Counties
        C. Ecozones
        D. Generalized bedrock geology
        E. Generalized boundaries of the physiographic provinces
    2. Precipitation and runoff
        A. Mean annual precipitation
        B. Mean annual runoff
    3. Boxplots showing:
        A. Mean daily discharge, by month, for Mohawk River at Cohoes, N.Y., 1929-91 and
            Wappinger Creek near Wappingers Falls, N.Y., 1929-91.
        B. Mean annual discharge for Mohawk River at Cohoes, N.Y., 1970-90, and
            Wappinger Creek near Wappingers Falls, N.Y., 1970-90
4-5. Maps of Hudson River basin showing:
        4. Locations of unconsolidated aquifers
        5. Location of major reservoirs
    6. Graphs showing estimated application of pesticides in the Hudson and Raritan River basins,
        1940-80:
        A. DDT by year
        B. DDT by land use
        C. Chlordane by year
7-8. Maps of the Hudson River basin showing:
        7. Estimated 1986 rates of pesticide application by county:
            A. Alachlor
            B. Atrazine
            C. Carbaryl
            D Chlorothalonil
        8. Locations of wells for which 1970-90 analyses were available:
            A. Dissolved nitrate
            B. Pesticides and volatile organic compounds
        9. Bargraphs showing depth and time distribution for dissolve nitrate analyses of water samples
            from unconsolidated and bedrock aquifers in the Hudson River basin, 1970-90:
            A. Sample distribution by well depth B. Sample distribution by year
       10. Map of the Hudson River basin showing locations of surface-water sites for which
            1970-90 nutrient data were available
       11. Bargraph showing number of samples collected in Hudson River basin for dissolved nitrate
            analyses, 1970-90 at (A) Wappinger Creek near Wappingers Falls, and (B) Mohawk River
            at Crescent Dam, by month
12-13. Map of Hudson River basin showing locations of surface-water sites from which 1970-90
        data were available for:
       12. Suspended sediment
       13. Pesticides
       14. Bargraphs showing number of Hudson River basin sites from which bed-sediment
            concentrations of total DDT, and 2,4-D are available, by land-use
            category, 1970-90
       15. Graph showing dissolved nitrate concentrations in water from wells representing bedrock
            and unconsolidated aquifers in the Hudson River basin as a function of normal distribution,
            1970-90
       16. Boxplots showing range of dissolved nitrate concentrations in relation to aquifer type in
            Hudson River basin, 1970-90 for :
            A. All aquifers in the Hudson River basin
            B. Unconsolidated aquifers in Albany and
                Schenectady counties and bedrock aquifers in Westchester counties
       17. Graph and boxplot of dissolved nitrate concentrations in water samples from unconsolidated
            and bedrock aquifers in the Hudson River basin, 1970-90:
            A. Concentrations as a function of depth.
            B. Concentration range in shallow and deep wells
       18. Boxplots showing range of dissolved nitrate concentrations in samples from (A) unconsolidated
            aquifers, and (B) bedrock aquifers, in the Hudson River basin, 1970-90, by land use
       19. Graphs showing concentration of dissolved nitrate, total nitrogen, dissolved ammonium,
            and total phosphorus in relation to discharge at two agricultural watersheds, 1970-90:
            A. Small watershed (Wappinger Creek near Wappingers Falls)
            B. Large watershed, (Mohawk River at Crescent Dam)
20-22. Graphs showing concentration in relation to discharge, 1970-90:
       20. Dissolved nitrate at a large watershed site (Mohawk River outlet), 1970-90:
            A. At Crescent Dam, based on season
            B. At Crescent Dam and Cohoes, based on all data
       21. In two urban watersheds:
            A. Dissolved nitrate and total phosphorus concentration at
                Hoosic River below Williamstown, Mass.
            B. Total nitrogen at Hoosic River near North
                Petersburg, N.Y.
       22. Dissolved nitrate, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus at two forested watersheds,
            1970-90:
            A. Esopus Creek at Shandaken
            B. Hudson River at Corinth
       23. Graphs showing nitrate concentrations in two Catskill streams with long-term records
            through 1990
       24. Boxplots showing distribution of median dissolved nitrate, total nitrogen, dissolved
            ammonium, and total phosphorus concentrations at five sites in the Hudson River
            basin, 1970-90
       25. Map of Hudson River basin showing locations of sites used in basinwide comparison
            of nutrient concentrations
       26. Boxplots showing distribution of median dissolved nitrate, total nitrogen, and total
            phosphorus concentrations in agricultural, urban and mixed-use, and forested watersheds
            used in basinwide comparison of nutrient concentrations
       27.Graphs showing median concentration of dissolved nitrate, total nitrogen, and total
            phosphorus in relation to watershed population at surface-water sites in the Hudson River basin.
       28. Map of Hudson River basin showing locations of surface-water sites with computed nutrient
            yields for 1970-80 and 1981-90
       29. Graphs showing average annual 1970-80 nutrient yields as a function of percentage of basin
            used for agriculture, and population density
       30. Bargraphs showing annual 1970-80 inputs and yields of nutrients at Hudson River at
            Corinth, Mohawk River at Fonda, Hudson River at Waterford, Hudson River at Green
            Island, and Hoosic River at North Petersburg, by sources:
            A. Nitrogen and B. Phosphorus
       31. Graphs showing concentration of suspended-sediment as a function of discharge, 1970-90,
            for Hudson River at Stillwater and Mohawk River at Cohoes.
       32. Boxplots showing distribution of median suspended sediment concentration at sites for
            which 1970-90 data are available
       33. Graph showing sediment yield as a function of percentage of watershed that is forested
       34. Graphical summary of urban and nonurban streambed-sediment concentrations of DDT,
            chlordane, and 2,4-D for sites in Hudson River basin, 1970-90, by:
            A. Percent detection
            B. Median detection
35-36. Graphs showing concentrations of pp.-DDD and chlordane with time in Hudson River
            sediments collected by Bopp and others (1982):
       35. pp.-DDD
       36. Chlordane in core E, collected at river mile 3 near Manhattan Island
TABLES
    1. Area and land-use characteristics of the Hudson River basin and its three subbasins
    2. Estimated water use in the Hudson River basin
    3. Estimated agricultural use of selected pesticide compounds in the Hudson River basin, 1986
    4. Characteristics of wells in the Hudson River basin for which water-quality data are available,
        1970-90 .
    5. Name, location and drainage area, and types of data available from surface-water sites in the
        U.S. Geological Survey National Water Inventory System database from which nutrient,
        suspended-sediment, or pesticide data are available
    6. Land use and population density of watersheds represented by the 56 surface-water sites in
        the Hudson River basin from which 1970-90 nutrient data were available
    7. Number of samples collected at selected sites in the Hudson River basin for nutrient
        analysis,1970-90
    8. Number of dissolved nitrate samples collected per year at selected sites with discharge data in
        the Hudson River basin, 1970-90
    9. Number of samples collected for dissolved nitrate at high and low flows for select sites in
        the Hudson River basin, 1970-90
   10. Data on numbers of samples collected at eight sites in the Hudson River basin, that have
        discharge records and more than 40 suspended-sediment samples, 1970-90
   11. Years of pesticide-data collection in the Hudson River basin, 1970-90, by site
   12. Detection limits of selected pesticides and volatile organic compounds for which ground-water
        samples from the Hudson River basin were analyzed, 1970-90
   13. Sites used for basinwide comparison of median nutrient concentrations
   14. Spearman nonparametric correlation coefficients for correlation of basinwide median nutrient
        concentrations with land use and population density
   15. Number and flow characteristics of samples used to calculate average annual yields
   16. Annual nutrient yields and standard errors of estimate at sites for which data are adequate for
        analysis, 1970-80
   17. Average annual nitrogen and phosphorus inputs, source of input, average annual yield and ratio of
        yield to total input for sites in the Hudson River basin for which sufficient data are available for
        analysis
   18. Average mass of nutrients transported at selected sites in the Upper Hudson and Mohawk River
        subbasins for 1977-80
   19. Discharge characteristics represented by samples used to calculate suspended-sediment
        yields in the Hudson River basin
   20. Suspended-sediment yields calculated for sites in the Hudson River basin

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U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey Maintainer: New York District Publications URL: http://ny.water.usgs.gov/pubs/wri/wri964065/WRIR96-4065toc.htm Last update: 08:51:53 Friday 27 April 2001 Privacy Statement || Disclaimer || Accessibility