U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
Water-Resources
Investigations Report 97-4136
Areas Contributing Ground Water to Peconic Estuary,
and Ground-Water Budgets for North and
South Forks and Shelter Island
By Christopher E. Schubert
CONTENTS
Introduction
Purpose and scope
Previous investigations
Acknowledgments
Description of study area
Population and land use
Water use
Hydrology
Precipitation and recharge
Hydrologic boundaries
Directions of ground-water flow
Areas contributing ground water to the Peconic Estuary, and ground-water budgets for the North and South Forks and
Shelter Island
Delineation of contributing areas
Development of ground-water budgets
Analysis of Fluctuations in Ground-Water Discharge
Summary and conclusions
References cited
[Plate is in pocket]
1. Map of eastern Suffolk County, N.Y., showing water-table altitude in March-April 1994, observation-well
numbers and water levels, and approximate boundaries of areas contributing ground water to selected
embayments within the Peconic Estuary on the North and South Forks and Shelter Island
FIGURES
1. Map of Long Island, N.Y., showing location of the Peconic Estuary and study area in eastern Suffolk County
2. Map of study area showing locations of the North and South Forks and Shelter Island, local study areas
(Meetinghouse Creek, Sag Harbor Cove, and West Neck Bay), selected precipitation-measurement stations, and
Peconic River streamflow-gaging station in eastern Suffolk County, N.Y.
3. Maps of local study areas showing observation-well locations and numbers, eastern Suffolk County, N.Y.:
A. Meetinghouse Creek study area
B. Sag Harbor Cove study area
C. West Neck Bay study area
4. Map of study area showing location of agricultural land in 1994 in East Hampton, Riverhead, Shelter Island,
Southampton, and Southold Towns, eastern Suffolk County, N.Y.
5. Map of study area showing location of sewage-treatment districts and regional public water-supply districts and
selected well fields, eastern Suffolk County, N.Y.
6. Maps of local study areas showing water-table altitude in March 1995, observation-well water levels, and
approximate boundaries of areas contributing ground water to selected embayments, eastern Suffolk County, N.Y.:
A. Meetinghouse Creek study area
B. Sag Harbor Cove study area
C. West Neck Bay study area
7. Map of study area showing locations of areas contributing ground water to selected embayments within the
Peconic Estuary on the North and South Forks and Shelter Island, eastern Suffolk County, N.Y.
8. Graphs showing annual total precipitation at Greenport and water-table altitudes in selected observation wells
on the North Fork, calendar years 1976-95, eastern Suffolk County, N.Y.
9. Graphs showing annual total precipitation at Greenport and water-table altitudes in selected observation wells
on Shelter Island, calendar years 1976-95, eastern Suffolk County, N.Y.
10. Graphs showing annual total precipitation at Bridgehampton and water-table altitudes in selected observation
wells on the South Fork, calendar years 1976-95, eastern Suffolk County, N.Y.
11. Graphs showing annual total precipitation at Riverhead, water-table altitudes in selected observation wells on
the main body of Long Island, and annual mean discharge of the Peconic River at Riverhead, calendar years
1976-95, eastern Suffolk County, N.Y.
TABLES
1. Monthly pumpage in 1994 for selected regional public water-supply districts, eastern Suffolk County, N.Y.
2. Cultivation characteristics of selected major crops grown on Long Island, N.Y.
3. Long-term mean precipitation amounts at Bridgehampton, Greenport, and Riverhead, eastern Suffolk County, N.Y.
4. Ground-water budgets for contributing areas on the North and South Forks and Shelter Island, eastern Suffolk
County, N.Y.
5. Departures of annual mean water-table altitudes from long-term mean in selected observation wells on the North and
South Forks and Shelter Island, and Brown Tide occurrences in the Peconic Estuary, calendar years 1976-95, eastern
Suffolk County, N.Y.
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