Abstract

Introduction

        Purpose and scope

        Previous studies

        Acknowledgments

Hydrogeology

        Aquifers and confining units

        Hydrologic conditions

               Discharge

               Recharge

               Ground-water levels

Simulation of ground-water flow

        Model discretization and geometry

        Boundary conditions

               Streams

               Shoreline discharge boundary

               Saltwater-freshwater interface

               Subsea-discharge boundaries

               Pumpage

               Recharge

        Model calibration and sensitivity analysis

        Model water budgets

        Sustainability of 1991 pumpage

Simulations of proposed pumping scenarios

        Placement of proposed wells

        Results of simulations

               Periodic pumping under 1991conditions (scenarios 1 and2)

                      Scenario 1

                      Scenario 2

               Periodic pumping under “maximum aquifer storage" conditions (scenario3)

Summary

References cited

Appendix A: Locations and pumping rates of wells used in the Kings-Queens model

Appendix B: Difference between simulated and measured water levels at selected wells

 

FIGURES

    1.Map showing location of vertical sections A-A´ and B-B´ in western Long Island, N.Y., and area supplied

    by ground water in 1997

    2. Hydrogeologic sections A-A  and B-B  in Kings and Queens Counties, N.Y

    3. Maps showing ground-water levelsinKingsand Queens Counties, N.Y., in March-April 1993:

    A. Water-table altitude in upper glacial aquifer

    B. Potentiometric-surface altitude of Magothy and Jameco aquifers

    C. Potentiometric-surface altitude of Lloyd aquifer

    4.Hydrograph showing water levels in upper glacial aquifer at observation well Q1249 showing effects of

    Jamaica Water Supply pumpage

    5. Map showing west-central part of refined Kings-Queens ground-water flow-model grid and active area of layer 1

    6. Diagrams showing model layering along hydrogeologic sections A-A´ and B-B´ in refined Kings-Queens

    ground-water flow model

       7-10. Maps of western Long Island, N.Y., showing:

    7.Locations of model stream cells used in revised Kings-Queens ground-water flow model

    8. Locations of pumping wells in Kings and Queens Counties, N.Y., that are assumed to

           have been in operations during 1991 and are represented in refined Kings-Queens ground-water flow model

    9.Percentageofsurface area that is impervious in each cell of refined Kings-Queens ground-water flow model

  10. Rates of recharge applied in simulation of 1990’s conditions in refined Kings-Queens ground-water flow model

11-14. Maps showing ground-water levels in Kings and Queens Counties, N.Y., indicated by refined model:

  11. Simulated 1991 water levels in

     A. Layer 1 (water table) and B. Layer 2 (potentiometric surface of Jameco

     and upper Magothy aquifers)

     C. Layer3 (potentiometric surface in basal part of Magothy aquifer) and D. Layer 4.(potentiometric surface in

           Lloyd aquifer

  12. Scenario 1—water levels in Kings and Queens Counties after 10 months of pumping totaling

     30,000million gallons (100 million gallons per day) in:

     A. Layer 1 (water table) and B. Layer 2 (Jameco and Magothy aquifers)

     C. Layer3 (basal part of Magothy aquifer) andD.Layer 4 (Lloyd aquifer)

  13. Scenario 2—water levels in Kings and Queens Counties after 6 months of pumping totaling 27,000 million

     gallons (150 million gallons per day)in:

     A. Layer 1 (water table) and B. Layer 2 (Jameco and Magothy aquifers)

     C. Layer3 (basal part of Magothy aquifer) and D. Layer 4 (Lloyd aquifer)

  14.Scenario3—water levels in Kings and Queens Counties after 3 months of pumping totaling 30,000 million

     gallons (400 million gallons per day):

     A. Layer 1 (water table)

     B. Layer2 (Jameco and Magothy aquifers)

     C. Layer3 (basal part of Magothy aquifer)

     D. Layer 4 (Lloyd aquifer)

 

TABLES

   1. Hydrologic units underlying Kings and Queens Counties, N.Y., and their water-bearing properties as

     represented by the Long Island regional model

   2.Water budget for predevelopment (pre-1900) and 1983 steady-state periods in Kings and Queens Counties, N.Y.

   3.Estimated base flows of nine streams during three steady-state periods in Kings, Queens, and western Nassau

     Counties, N.Y.

   4. Steady-state water budgets from ground-water flow models of Kings and Queens Counties, N.Y.

   5. Duration of sustainable water-supply pumping and water-level recovery in three pumping scenarios, Kings and

     Queens Counties, N.Y

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Abstract

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